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...... Some evidence suggests that the Shang culture may have distinguished between sacred centers of power and secular ones, with many Shang capital cities being scattered throughout the region (Class unit: 14; The Evolution of Complex Societies in China,: 444). Bronze objects, pottery, and tools are continually being excavated, proving the complexity and relative advancement of Shang culture. Zhengzhou was one of the most significant of the Shang capitals and may have been a political hub. Evidence reveals a strong hierarchical social organization with a Shang King at the top of a political pyramid. Quite poassiby, local nobility helped retain the model of centralized authority throughout the region
Xia and Shang dynasties became progressively more powerful and autocratic as their wealth increased. The cultures shifted from a primarily agrarian economic base to one that used metal as a means to craft practical and ritual objects. In addition to the ritual cauldrons that were emblematic of the Xia dynasty, other uses of advanced metallurgical techniques include the manufacturing of jue, vessels used to hold a grain alcohol beverage commonly translated as wine, (Class unit: 12). In fact, bronze objects were cast en masse during the Xia and Shang dynasties (Class unit:

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