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...... According to Parsons, 1817 was a critical year in the formation of the American two-party system, and he does a good job of explaining why she views 1817 as a period of change in American history. It was in 1817 that the last of the first generation of American political leaders, James Monroe, took office as the president. Simply because of old age, the men who had helped win freedom and create the union were no longer able to govern it. 1817 also marked the beginning of an isolationist period in American history. Tired of wars with Europe, Americans were beginning a greater exploration of the American frontier, and seemed intent on the concept of manifest destiny. Americans spread to the south and the west. Americans were also able to disperse more throughout the northeast because of improvements in transportation. All of these changes made American society become more compartmentalized, as Americans in different areas came to rely upon different lifestyles for a their sustenance, which made them have opposing political ideals. While these differences did not come to their dramatic conclusion until the Civil War, they began to significantly influence American politics during Monroes presidency. Another significant develop

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