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......CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM

Introduction
In 1975, Herbert Freudenberger first used the term burnout (Skovolt, 2001) as a characterization of his substance-abusing clients. Based on his extensive professional experience with the phenomenon, Freudenberger defined burnout as being a syndrome that included the symptoms of exhaustion, a discernible pattern of neglecting an individuals own needs, being committed and dedicated to a cause, working too long and too intensely, feeling pressures coming from within oneself, being pressured from harried staff administrators, and from giving too much to needy clients (1974, p. 161). In addition, Freudenberger also determined that individuals working in the helping professions tend to pay a high cost for high achievement in either their personal or professional lives (1983, p. 25). In sum, Freudenbergers definition of burnout was Someone in a state of fatigue or frustration brought about by devotion to a cause, way of life, or relationship that failed to produce the expected reward; in other words, Whenever the expectation level is dramatically opposed to reality and the person persists in trying to reach that expectation, trouble is on the way (Freudenberger, 1980, p. 13)
Since that time, more than 30 years worth of research has been

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