Changes Since the Dawn of Human History
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Social and Cultural Changes:
One of the most important social and cultural changes of the medieval period was the establishment of the British common law in the 12th century by King Henry II. Previously, English barons maintained independent courts without any uniform system to ensure justice in any systematic or consistent way among different communities. In 1166, Henry II announced his Assize of Clarendon that established royal authority over all formal disputes previously adjudicated in the individual courts of the barons. Likewise, Henry II announced the Grand Assize that required all formal disputes involving real property to be tried by juries
This development lead to the modern development of the first jury systems as well as the first system of grand juries and petit juries and the concept of formal indictment through the production of evidence before a panel of citizens in connection with criminal accusations. Just as in the modern legal system to which Henrys changes gave rise, juries decided the guilt or innocence of the accused and appointed judges ensured that formal procedures and processes were followed......
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