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Shannon L. Mattiace is trained as an anthropologist and a political scientist, and she uses field study methods in addition to providing a historical overview of indigenous political activism in Mexico to illustrate her thesis. She primarily uses the example of the Tojolabal-Maya tribes efforts to gain a stronger foothold within the political system. She lived amongst and studied this community, and uses them as an illustration of her central contentionthat there is the need to strike a balance between the dueling calls from assimilation of native tribes and autonomy from Mexican central authorities, that there must be a dialogue between Indian and non-Indian society about democracy (Mattiace 2003, p. 155). Indigenous or national calls for autonomy may have, according to her thesis, replaced class-based calls for authority to some degree, but neither category of class nor race can be overlooked by either of the two groups in creating a new Mexico (Mattiace 2003, p. 3). Mattiace confesses her methodology is based in an ideological bias, as even before embarking upon her research, she came with the viewpoint of someone with a long commitment to social justice organizations and populist empowerment

Dispersed between her ethnographic studies of the Tojolabal,

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