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...... Stated as one such constraint is the specification of time window at customers, i.e., time intervals during which they must be served. These lead to mixed routing and scheduling problems. (Savelsbergh, 1992) p.146 The introduction of time windows at customers is stated to allow the specification of more realistic objective functions, compared to minimizing distance, such as minimizing waiting time, minimizing completion time, and minimizing route duration. (Savelsbergh, 1992)
Savelsbergh states that edge-exchange improvement methods are that which form both an important as well as a popular class or algorithms in the area of vehicle routing problems. (1992, paraphrased) Previous studies in this area focus on efficient implementations of edge-exchange improvement methods for the vehicle routing problem with time windows.... however, Savelsbergh states that these studies focus completely on the aspect of feasibility and fail to identify profitable exchanges for realistic objective functions. (1992) p.146
Salvesbergh states that the growing importance of side constraints as well as realistic objectives in practical distribution management and the need for fast implementation of algorithms in the context of interactive planning systems justify the current research. (1992) p.153 More realistic objective functions are critically needed. The model presented by Salvesbergh is one in

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