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...... Historical background of the conflict
The war situation in Afghanistan is by all means reminiscence of the Cold war and of the bipolarity that was destroyed together with the demise of the Soviet Union. Despite the political shock and disarray, the situation on the ground and in particular in countries which had been used as battlegrounds for the two powers remained uncertain and confused, allowing inside forces to fight in the power vacuum which resulted inevitably
The soviet intervention in 1979 was the result of deep historical and political conflicts within the country which suited the Cold war environment. Studies in this sense have revealed the fact that the USSR had an important influence in Afghanistan since the late 60s and early 70s when it supported different factions in the country opposed to Mohamed Zahir shah in the early 70s (Calvocoressi, 1996). The intervention was considered by Moscow imminent at the moment in which the government in Afghanistan was seen as reacting to outside stimuli from Iran, Pakistan, and the United States (Calvocoressi, 1996). This in turn was interpreted as having negative effects on the stability of the country and of the region......

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