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...... The Arab-Muslim religious philosophy of Jihad, of forceful contest and conversion finds its violent expression also in intra-Arabic conflicts. The fact is that the number of Arabs killed in armed conflict is much greater in wars among Arab-Muslim factions, than in wars against Israel.[3] Of course, a transition from autocratic and closed systems to open and democratic ones cannot be realized without pain, Albrecht Schnabel says.[4]
These transition pains can be diminished if the society in case is open to political, economic and cultural modern values, and if it already displays a civic political culture that has been carefully promoted and groomed by civil society throughout the years and decades preceding the official initiation of a democratization process.[5] However, it seems that only some of the authoritarian governments in the Arab world allow civil society to contribute to the democratization process
Regarding transnational ideologies, in the twentieth century in the Middle East there has been an important interaction between brad trans-national ideologies, like Arab nationalism and Islam, and state-based nationalism. Arab nationalism, one of the most powerful ideologies, was able to affect the decisions and actions of several nation-states in the Middle East in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Also, pan-Islamic

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