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...... Non-human primates, such as monkeys and apes, are the closest evolutionary cousins human beings have. They are known to have complex systems of vocal communication which allow them to communicate with one another. Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated similarities between human linguistic behavior and the way nonhuman primates use some of their vocalizations to communicate. Monkeys and apes have been shown to alert one another about food sources, send warnings on incoming predators, to form groups before moving to another location, to attract mates, or even proclaim a location as his territory. It has been found that West African Diana monkeys, Cercopithecus diana, produce acoustically distinct alarm calls to leopards and crowned-hawk eagles (Zuberbuhler, 2002). Further studies have demonstrated that these calls are recognized as semantic signals; monkeys understand these sounds not just based on their acoustic properties, but also based on their distinct meanings. Also, it seems that chimpanzees make use gestures to communicate, such as hand clasping while grooming, pointing with fingers, and hand clapping to catch attention
Current studies have focused on identifying the system of language and its content these non-human primates has. A study by Hopkins, Taglialatela, and Leavens (2006) explored the meaning of

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