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...... There is a need to ensure that the Americans are provided the standard or best quality of care. Private organizations, such as the JCAHO, or public agencies, have established monitoring and tracking processes in evaluating the progress of the health system (Williams, Schmaltz, Morton, Koss, and Loeb, 2005). Hospitals undergo through a gruesome investigation for accreditation or certification purposes to identify if these institutions are capable of providing safe and quality healthcare services to their patients (Jovanovic, 2005). Accreditation is the voluntary assessment of hospitals based on accepted standards; it seeks to find areas where a hospital may improve. Moreover, accreditation of a hospital heightens its reputation as a safe, trustworthy institution. It may also pave way to garnering monetary support. The JCAHO has been issuing accreditation to hospitals for more than 50 years. On the other hand, certification is mandatory, and is executed by the governmental entity, such as the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). It aims to issue licensure or rights for Medicare/Medicaid funding, and identifies what the institution has been wrong. Where accreditation agencies aim to improve the quality of care, certification agencies aim to enforce standards. In the King/Drew Medical Center case,

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