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Mao immersed himself in his work as editor of the Hunan student newspaper and committed himself to revolutionary politics. Ideologically, he capitalized on the movement's abandonment of liberalism in favor of Marxist theory and its emphasis on cooperation between students and workers in promoting a socialist revolution. His exposure to Marxist thought also convinced him that scientific socialism provided him with the most reliable basis for the study of social conflict. [x]

Stemming in part from intellectual dialectics, political polemics, native cultural traditions, and the dynamics of Sino-Soviet politics, Mao's relationship to Marxism has always been a complex issue. For example, it was only after the Bolshevik Revolution that Marxism became an important political force in China.[xi] And it was only in 1920 that Mao was able to read a complete translation of The Communist Manifesto. [xii] Once he accepted the Marxist perspective, however, his conversion was complete, and he would later celebrate communism as "the most complete, progressive, revolutionary and rational system in human history." [xiii] As one who had flirted at times with anarchism and grappled with the tenets of permanent revolution, [xiv]he also felt strongly that Chinese nationalism needed to balance the goals of the international

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