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...... Even after the racial criteria of identity had been established, it was still clearly an entity quite apart from ethnicity, as the varying treatment of white American immigrants and minority groups in the United States demonstrates. Ethnic and cultural variations were expected to disappear by assimilation, but racial qualities were quite consciously permanent and impermeable. The nineteenth century saw race becoming a scientific subdivision of humanity, and in the mid-twentieth century genetic evidence for this division was claimed to exist. Subsequent research has shown that humans are 99.9% genetically the same, refuting such claims. The term race itself did not acquire the connotations of separation and identifications with geographic origins or the social division that it now implies until the Revolutionary era. Race, then, is an ideology rather than a biological fact, and it involves perceptions and concepts rather than empirical truth
This fiction of race was implemented in the United States to prevent races from marrying, and even the concept of mixed race was abolished making race an all-or-none division, and it was not until the 200 census that respondents were able to mark two racial identities. In Central and South American countries where phenotypic missing from native

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