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...... Each art, it turned out, had to effect this demonstration on its own account. What had to be exhibited and made explicit was that which was unique and irreducible not only in art in general, but also in each particular art. Each art had to determine, through the operations peculiar to itself, the effects peculiar and exclusive to itself. By doing this each art would, to be sure, narrow its area of competence, but at the same time it would make its possession of this area all the more secure (Frascina, Harrison, Paul, p. *).
In the modernist paintings, this philosophy reveals itself in the late work of the artist Francis Hodgkins (Buchanan, Lain, Dunn, Michael, Eastmond, Elizabeth, and Hodgkins, Francis, 1994, p. 4). Hodgkins work fits the philosophy, at least in its later years, because it is inspired by external stimuli, but by virtue of choices of medium and colors and subject matter is indeed an internal influence, and self-criticizing (Buchanan, Dunn, et al, p. 4). Critics of the era bear out the incorporation of the Kantian philosophy in the work of Hodgkins in the critical reviews of one of her successful exhibits following a visit to New

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