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......(Oliver,Kondal, Kandadi, 2006, pp. 6 24). Also attributable to this specific evolutionary aspect of organizational theories is an increasing reliance on using technologies to manage and quickly access the shared memory of the organization. In fact the use of technology to further support the use of collective knowledge is beginning to have a reciprocal effect on organizational theory (Volkoff, Strong,Elmes, 2007, pp. 832 848), forcing more selective and targeted divisions of labor and a more decentralized delegation of authority. This has also lead to line and staff authority being more aligned to the individualized needs of projects and less hierarchical, centralized than had been the case in previous phases of organizational theory evolution. From the perspective of personal productivity being the dominant form of lasting competitive advantage as defined by Porter, the balance of power has begun to shift from authoritarian-based theories to more developmental and in highly skilled occupations, democratic approaches to management. Organizational theories now reflect the more heterogeneous aspects of cultures, systems, and processes for managing knowledge. In short, organizational theories have now become the most critical aspect of how organizations structures evolve and grow over time. The emergence of contingency and systems theories are

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